CVE-2025-49600

In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_verify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtls_lms_verify allow an attacker (who can induce a hardware hash accelerator fault) to bypass LMS signature verification by reusing stale stack data, resulting in acceptance of an invalid signature. In mbedtls_lms_verify, the return values of the internal Merkle tree functions create_merkle_leaf_value and create_merkle_internal_value are not checked. These functions return an integer that indicates whether the call succeeded or not. If a failure occurs, the output buffer (Tc_candidate_root_node) may remain uninitialized, and the result of the signature verification is unpredictable. When the software implementation of SHA-256 is used, these functions will not fail. However, with hardware-accelerated hashing, an attacker could use fault injection against the accelerator to bypass verification.

Database specific

{
    "cna_assigner": "mitre",
    "cwe_ids": [
        "CWE-325"
    ],
    "osv_generated_from": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/49xxx/CVE-2025-49600.json",
    "unresolved_ranges": [
        {
            "extracted_events": [
                {
                    "introduced": "3.3.0"
                },
                {
                    "fixed": "3.6.4"
                }
            ],
            "source": "AFFECTED_FIELD"
        },
        {
            "extracted_events": [
                {
                    "introduced": "3.3.0"
                },
                {
                    "fixed": "3.6.4"
                }
            ],
            "source": "CPE_FIELD"
        },
        {
            "extracted_events": [
                {
                    "introduced": "3.3.0"
                },
                {
                    "fixed": "3.6.4"
                }
            ],
            "source": "DESCRIPTION"
        }
    ]
}

References

Affected packages

Git / github.com/mbed-tls/mbedtls

Affected ranges

Type

GIT

Repo

https://github.com/mbed-tls/mbedtls

Events

Introduced

8c89224991adff88d53cd380f42a2baa36f91454

Fixed

c765c831e5c2a0971410692f92f7a81d6ec65ec2

Database specific

Show details

{
    "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:trustedfirmware:mbed_tls:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
    "extracted_events": [
        {
            "introduced": "3.3.0"
        },
        {
            "fixed": "3.6.4"
        }
    ],
    "source": "CPE_RANGE"
}

Database specific

source

"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-49600.json"