CVE-2025-39961

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Source
https://cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39961
Import Source
https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-39961.json
JSON Data
https://api.osv.dev/v1/vulns/CVE-2025-39961
Downstream
AZL (2)
BELL (1)
CLSA (1)
DEBIAN (1)
ECHO (1)
MGASA (2)
OESA (3)
openSUSE (1)
ROOT (5)
SUSE (4)
UBUNTU (1)
Related
openSUSE (1)
SUSE (4)
Published
2025-10-09T12:13:22Z
Modified
2026-10-17T02:31:00Z
Severity
  • 8.8 (High) CVSS_V3 - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H CVSS Calculator
Summary
iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level

The AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels (up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on IOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level to enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.

The IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its exhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based on IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU driver increases page table level.

But in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads pgtable->[root/mode] without lock. So its possible that in exteme corner case, when increase_address_space() is updating pgtable->[root/mode], fetch_pte() reads wrong page table level (pgtable->mode). It does compare the value with level encoded in page table and returns NULL. This will result is iommu_unmap ops to fail and upper layer may retry/log WARN_ON.

CPU 0 CPU 1

map pages unmap pages alloc_pte() -> increase_address_space() iommu_v1_unmap_pages() -> fetch_pte() pgtable->root = pte (new root value) READ pgtable->[mode/root] Reads new root, old mode Updates mode (pgtable->mode += 1)

Since Page table level updates are infrequent and already synchronized with a spinlock, implement seqcount to enable lock-free read operations on the read path.

Database specific 
{
    "cna_assigner":  "Linux",
    "osv_generated_from":  "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/39xxx/CVE-2025-39961.json"
}
References

Affected packages

Git / git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git

Affected ranges

Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
754265bcab78a9014f0f99cd35e0d610fcd7dfa7
Fixed
075abf0b1a958acfbea2435003d228e738e90346
Fixed
cd92c8ab336c3a633d46e6f35ebcd3509ae7db3b
Fixed
7d462bdecb7d9c32934dab44aaeb7ea7d73a27a2
Fixed
1e56310b40fd2e7e0b9493da9ff488af145bdd0c
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
4.9.194
Fixed
4.10
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
4.14.146
Fixed
4.15
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
4.19.75
Fixed
4.20
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
5.2.17
Fixed
5.3
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
6fb92f18555a7b8e085267d513612dc0ff9a5360
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
b15bf74405faa1a65025eb8a6eb337e140e5250a
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
0d50f7b1e8c80a8c20db5049e269468c059b0378
Type
GIT
Repo
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
Events
Introduced
785ca708a908b9c596ede852470ba28b8dc3e40b

Affected versions

v4.*
v4.14.146
v4.14.147
v4.14.148
v4.14.149
v4.14.150
v4.14.151
v4.14.152
v4.14.153
v4.14.154
v4.14.155
v4.14.156
v4.14.157
v4.14.158
v4.14.159
v4.14.160
v4.14.161
v4.14.162
v4.14.163
v4.14.164
v4.14.165
v4.14.166
v4.14.167
v4.14.168
v4.14.169
v4.14.170
v4.14.171
v4.14.172
v4.14.173
v4.14.174
v4.14.175
v4.14.176
v4.14.177
v4.14.178
v4.14.179
v4.14.180
v4.14.181
v4.14.182
v4.14.183
v4.14.184
v4.14.185
v4.14.186
v4.14.187
v4.14.188
v4.14.189
v4.14.190
v4.14.191
v4.14.192
v4.14.193
v4.14.194
v4.14.195
v4.14.196
v4.14.197
v4.14.198
v4.14.199
v4.14.200
v4.14.201
v4.14.202
v4.14.203
v4.14.204
v4.14.205
v4.14.206
v4.14.207
v4.14.208
v4.14.209
v4.14.210
v4.14.211
v4.14.212
v4.14.213
v4.14.214
v4.14.215
v4.14.216
v4.14.217
v4.14.218
v4.14.219
v4.14.220
v4.14.221
v4.14.222
v4.14.223
v4.14.224
v4.14.225
v4.14.226
v4.14.227
v4.14.228
v4.14.229
v4.14.230
v4.14.231
v4.14.232
v4.14.233
v4.14.234
v4.14.235
v4.14.236
v4.14.237
v4.14.238
v4.14.239
v4.14.240
v4.14.241
v4.14.242
v4.14.243
v4.14.244
v4.14.245
v4.14.246
v4.14.247
v4.14.248
v4.14.249
v4.14.250
v4.14.251
v4.14.252
v4.14.253
v4.14.254
v4.14.255
v4.14.256
v4.14.257
v4.14.258
v4.14.259
v4.14.260
v4.14.261
v4.14.262
v4.14.263
v4.14.264
v4.14.265
v4.14.266
v4.14.267
v4.14.268
v4.14.269
v4.14.270
v4.14.271
v4.14.272
v4.14.273
v4.14.274
v4.14.275
v4.14.276
v4.14.277
v4.14.278
v4.14.279
v4.14.280
v4.14.281
v4.14.282
v4.14.283
v4.14.284
v4.14.285
v4.14.286
v4.14.287
v4.14.288
v4.14.289
v4.14.290
v4.14.291
v4.14.292
v4.14.293
v4.14.294
v4.14.295
v4.14.296
v4.14.297
v4.14.298
v4.14.299
v4.14.300
v4.14.301
v4.14.302
v4.14.303
v4.14.304
v4.14.305
v4.14.306
v4.14.307
v4.14.308
v4.14.309
v4.14.310
v4.14.311
v4.14.312
v4.14.313
v4.14.314
v4.14.315
v4.14.316
v4.14.317
v4.14.318
v4.14.319
v4.14.320
v4.14.321
v4.14.322
v4.14.323
v4.14.324
v4.14.325
v4.14.326
v4.14.327
v4.14.328
v4.14.329
v4.14.330
v4.14.331
v4.14.332
v4.14.333
v4.14.334
v4.14.335
v4.14.336
v4.19.100
v4.19.101
v4.19.102
v4.19.103
v4.19.104
v4.19.105
v4.19.106
v4.19.107
v4.19.108
v4.19.109
v4.19.110
v4.19.111
v4.19.112
v4.19.113
v4.19.114
v4.19.115
v4.19.116
v4.19.117
v4.19.118
v4.19.119
v4.19.120
v4.19.121
v4.19.122
v4.19.123
v4.19.124
v4.19.125
v4.19.126
v4.19.127
v4.19.128
v4.19.129
v4.19.130
v4.19.131
v4.19.132
v4.19.133
v4.19.134
v4.19.135
v4.19.136
v4.19.137
v4.19.138
v4.19.139
v4.19.140
v4.19.141
v4.19.142
v4.19.143
v4.19.144
v4.19.145
v4.19.146
v4.19.147
v4.19.148
v4.19.149
v4.19.150
v4.19.151
v4.19.152
v4.19.153
v4.19.154
v4.19.155
v4.19.156
v4.19.157
v4.19.158
v4.19.159
v4.19.160
v4.19.161
v4.19.162
v4.19.163
v4.19.164
v4.19.165
v4.19.166
v4.19.167
v4.19.168
v4.19.169
v4.19.170
v4.19.171
v4.19.172
v4.19.173
v4.19.174
v4.19.175
v4.19.176
v4.19.177
v4.19.178
v4.19.179
v4.19.180
v4.19.181
v4.19.182
v4.19.183
v4.19.184
v4.19.185
v4.19.186
v4.19.187
v4.19.188
v4.19.189
v4.19.190
v4.19.191
v4.19.192
v4.19.193
v4.19.194
v4.19.195
v4.19.196
v4.19.197
v4.19.198
v4.19.199
v4.19.200
v4.19.201
v4.19.202
v4.19.203
v4.19.204
v4.19.205
v4.19.206
v4.19.207
v4.19.208
v4.19.209
v4.19.210
v4.19.211
v4.19.212
v4.19.213
v4.19.214
v4.19.215
v4.19.216
v4.19.217
v4.19.218
v4.19.219
v4.19.220
v4.19.221
v4.19.222
v4.19.223
v4.19.224
v4.19.225
v4.19.226
v4.19.227
v4.19.228
v4.19.229
v4.19.230
v4.19.231
v4.19.232
v4.19.233
v4.19.234
v4.19.235
v4.19.236
v4.19.237
v4.19.238
v4.19.239
v4.19.240
v4.19.241
v4.19.242
v4.19.243
v4.19.244
v4.19.245
v4.19.246
v4.19.247
v4.19.248
v4.19.249
v4.19.250
v4.19.251
v4.19.252
v4.19.253
v4.19.254
v4.19.255
v4.19.256
v4.19.257
v4.19.258
v4.19.259
v4.19.260
v4.19.261
v4.19.262
v4.19.263
v4.19.264
v4.19.265
v4.19.266
v4.19.267
v4.19.268
v4.19.269
v4.19.270
v4.19.271
v4.19.272
v4.19.273
v4.19.274
v4.19.275
v4.19.276
v4.19.277
v4.19.278
v4.19.279
v4.19.280
v4.19.281
v4.19.282
v4.19.283
v4.19.284
v4.19.285
v4.19.286
v4.19.287
v4.19.288
v4.19.289
v4.19.290
v4.19.291
v4.19.292
v4.19.293
v4.19.294
v4.19.295
v4.19.296
v4.19.297
v4.19.298
v4.19.299
v4.19.300
v4.19.301
v4.19.302
v4.19.303
v4.19.304
v4.19.305
v4.19.306
v4.19.307
v4.19.308
v4.19.309
v4.19.310
v4.19.311
v4.19.312
v4.19.313
v4.19.314
v4.19.315
v4.19.316
v4.19.317
v4.19.318
v4.19.319
v4.19.320
v4.19.321
v4.19.322
v4.19.323
v4.19.324
v4.19.325
v4.19.75
v4.19.76
v4.19.77
v4.19.78
v4.19.79
v4.19.80
v4.19.81
v4.19.82
v4.19.83
v4.19.84
v4.19.85
v4.19.86
v4.19.87
v4.19.88
v4.19.89
v4.19.90
v4.19.91
v4.19.92
v4.19.93
v4.19.94
v4.19.95
v4.19.96
v4.19.97
v4.19.98
v4.19.99
v4.9.194
v4.9.195
v4.9.196
v4.9.197
v4.9.198
v4.9.199
v4.9.200
v4.9.201
v4.9.202
v4.9.203
v4.9.204
v4.9.205
v4.9.206
v4.9.207
v4.9.208
v4.9.209
v4.9.210
v4.9.211
v4.9.212
v4.9.213
v4.9.214
v4.9.215
v4.9.216
v4.9.217
v4.9.218
v4.9.219
v4.9.220
v4.9.221
v4.9.222
v4.9.223
v4.9.224
v4.9.225
v4.9.226
v4.9.227
v4.9.228
v4.9.229
v4.9.230
v4.9.231
v4.9.232
v4.9.233
v4.9.234
v4.9.235
v4.9.236
v4.9.237
v4.9.238
v4.9.239
v4.9.240
v4.9.241
v4.9.242
v4.9.243
v4.9.244
v4.9.245
v4.9.246
v4.9.247
v4.9.248
v4.9.249
v4.9.250
v4.9.251
v4.9.252
v4.9.253
v4.9.254
v4.9.255
v4.9.256
v4.9.257
v4.9.258
v4.9.259
v4.9.260
v4.9.261
v4.9.262
v4.9.263
v4.9.264
v4.9.265
v4.9.266
v4.9.267
v4.9.268
v4.9.269
v4.9.270
v4.9.271
v4.9.272
v4.9.273
v4.9.274
v4.9.275
v4.9.276
v4.9.277
v4.9.278
v4.9.279
v4.9.280
v4.9.281
v4.9.282
v4.9.283
v4.9.284
v4.9.285
v4.9.286
v4.9.287
v4.9.288
v4.9.289
v4.9.290
v4.9.291
v4.9.292
v4.9.293
v4.9.294
v4.9.295
v4.9.296
v4.9.297
v4.9.298
v4.9.299
v4.9.300
v4.9.301
v4.9.302
v4.9.303
v4.9.304
v4.9.305
v4.9.306
v4.9.307
v4.9.308
v4.9.309
v4.9.310
v4.9.311
v4.9.312
v4.9.313
v4.9.314
v4.9.315
v4.9.316
v4.9.317
v4.9.318
v4.9.319
v4.9.320
v4.9.321
v4.9.322
v4.9.323
v4.9.324
v4.9.325
v4.9.326
v4.9.327
v4.9.328
v4.9.329
v4.9.330
v4.9.331
v4.9.332
v4.9.333
v4.9.334
v4.9.335
v4.9.336
v4.9.337
v5.*
v5.2.17
v5.2.18
v5.2.19
v5.2.20
v5.2.21

Database specific

source 
"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-39961.json"

Linux / Kernel

Package

Name
Kernel

Affected ranges

Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
5.3.0
Fixed
6.6.108
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
6.7.0
Fixed
6.12.49
Type
ECOSYSTEM
Events
Introduced
6.13.0
Fixed
6.16.9

Database specific

source 
"https://storage.googleapis.com/cve-osv-conversion/osv-output/CVE-2025-39961.json"