OESA-2025-2078

The Linux Kernel, the operating system core itself.

Security Fix(es):

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mac802154: check local interfaces before deleting sdata list

syzkaller reported a corrupted list in ieee802154_if_remove. [1]

Remove an IEEE 802.15.4 network interface after unregister an IEEE 802.15.4 hardware device from the system.

CPU0 CPU1 ==== ==== genl_family_rcv_msg_doit ieee802154_unregister_hw ieee802154_del_iface ieee802154_remove_interfaces rdev_del_virtual_intf_deprecated list_del(&sdata->list) ieee802154_if_remove list_del_rcu

The net device has been unregistered, since the rcu grace period, unregistration must be run before ieee802154_if_remove.

To avoid this issue, add a check for local->interfaces before deleting sdata list.

[1] kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:58! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN PTI CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6277 Comm: syz-executor157 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc6-syzkaller-00005-g557329bcecc2 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xf4/0x140 lib/list_debug.c:56 Code: e8 a1 7e 00 07 90 0f 0b 48 c7 c7 e0 37 60 8c 4c 89 fe e8 8f 7e 00 07 90 0f 0b 48 c7 c7 40 38 60 8c 4c 89 fe e8 7d 7e 00 07 90 <0f> 0b 48 c7 c7 a0 38 60 8c 4c 89 fe e8 6b 7e 00 07 90 0f 0b 48 c7 RSP: 0018:ffffc9000490f3d0 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 000000000000004e RBX: dead000000000122 RCX: d211eee56bb28d00 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffff88805b278dd8 R08: ffffffff8174a12c R09: 1ffffffff2852f0d R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff2852f0e R12: dffffc0000000000 R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: dead000000000100 R15: ffff88805b278cc0 FS: 0000555572f94380(0000) GS:ffff8880b8600000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000056262e4a3000 CR3: 0000000078496000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> __list_del_entry_valid include/linux/list.h:124 [inline] __list_del_entry include/linux/list.h:215 [inline] list_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:157 [inline] ieee802154_if_remove+0x86/0x1e0 net/mac802154/iface.c:687 rdev_del_virtual_intf_deprecated net/ieee802154/rdev-ops.h:24 [inline] ieee802154_del_iface+0x2c0/0x5c0 net/ieee802154/nl-phy.c:323 genl_family_rcv_msg_doit net/netlink/genetlink.c:1115 [inline] genl_family_rcv_msg net/netlink/genetlink.c:1195 [inline] genl_rcv_msg+0xb14/0xec0 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1210 netlink_rcv_skb+0x1e3/0x430 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2551 genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1219 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1331 [inline] netlink_unicast+0x7f6/0x990 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1357 netlink_sendmsg+0x8e4/0xcb0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1901 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:729 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x221/0x270 net/socket.c:744 ____sys_sendmsg+0x52a/0x7e0 net/socket.c:2607 ___sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2661 [inline] __sys_sendmsg+0x292/0x380 net/socket.c:2690 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f(CVE-2024-57948)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

KVM: x86: Load DR6 with guest value only before entering .vcpu_run() loop

Move the conditional loading of hardware DR6 with the guest's DR6 value out of the core .vcpu_run() loop to fix a bug where KVM can load hardware with a stale vcpu->arch.dr6.

When the guest accesses a DR and host userspace isn't debugging the guest, KVM disables DR interception and loads the guest's values into hardware on VM-Enter and saves them on VM-Exit. This allows the guest to access DRs at will, e.g. so that a sequence of DR accesses to configure a breakpoint only generates one VM-Exit.

For DR0-DR3, the logic/behavior is identical between VMX and SVM, and also identical between KVM_DEBUGREG_BP_ENABLED (userspace debugging the guest) and KVM_DEBUGREG_WONT_EXIT (guest using DRs), and so KVM handles loading DR0-DR3 in common code, outside of the core kvm_x86_ops.vcpu_run() loop.

But for DR6, the guest's value doesn't need to be loaded into hardware for KVM_DEBUGREG_BP_ENABLED, and SVM provides a dedicated VMCB field whereas VMX requires software to manually load the guest value, and so loading the guest's value into DR6 is handled by {svm,vmx}_vcpu_run(), i.e. is done inside the core run loop.

Unfortunately, saving the guest values on VM-Exit is initiated by common x86, again outside of the core run loop. If the guest modifies DR6 (in hardware, when DR interception is disabled), and then the next VM-Exit is a fastpath VM-Exit, KVM will reload hardware DR6 with vcpu->arch.dr6 and clobber the guest's actual value.

The bug shows up primarily with nested VMX because KVM handles the VMX preemption timer in the fastpath, and the window between hardware DR6 being modified (in guest context) and DR6 being read by guest software is orders of magnitude larger in a nested setup. E.g. in non-nested, the VMX preemption timer would need to fire precisely between #DB injection and the #DB handler's read of DR6, whereas with a KVM-on-KVM setup, the window where hardware DR6 is "dirty" extends all the way from L1 writing DR6 to VMRESUME (in L1).

L1's view:
==========
<L1 disables DR interception>
       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640961: kvm_entry: vcpu 0

A: L1 Writes DR6 CPU 0/KVM-7289 [023] d.... 2925.640963: <hack>: Set DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff1

B: CPU 0/KVM-7289 [023] d.... 2925.640967: kvm_exit: vcpu 0 reason EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT intr_info 0x800000ec

D: L1 reads DR6, arch.dr6 = 0 CPU 0/KVM-7289 [023] d.... 2925.640969: <hack>: Sync DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff0

       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640976: kvm_entry: vcpu 0
L2 reads DR6, L1 disables DR interception
       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640980: kvm_exit: vcpu 0 reason DR_ACCESS info1 0x0000000000000216
       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640983: kvm_entry: vcpu 0

       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640983: <hack>: Set DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff0

L2 detects failure
       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640987: kvm_exit: vcpu 0 reason HLT
L1 reads DR6 (confirms failure)
       CPU 0/KVM-7289    [023] d....  2925.640990: <hack>: Sync DRs, DR6 = 0xffff0ff0

L0's view:
==========
L2 reads DR6, arch.dr6 = 0
      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005610: kvm_exit: vcpu 23 reason DR_ACCESS info1 0x0000000000000216
      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] .....  3410.005610: kvm_nested_vmexit: vcpu 23 reason DR_ACCESS info1 0x0000000000000216

L2 => L1 nested VM-Exit
      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] .....  3410.005610: kvm_nested_vmexit_inject: reason: DR_ACCESS ext_inf1: 0x0000000000000216

      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005610: kvm_entry: vcpu 23
      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005611: kvm_exit: vcpu 23 reason VMREAD
      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.005611: kvm_entry: vcpu 23
      CPU 23/KVM-5046    [001] d....  3410.

---truncated---(CVE-2025-21839)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm: memory-failure: update ttu flag inside unmap_poisoned_folio

Patch series "mm: memory_failure: unmap poisoned folio during migrate properly", v3.

Fix two bugs during folio migration if the folio is poisoned.

This patch (of 3):

Commit 6da6b1d4a7df ("mm/hwpoison: convert TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON to TTU_HWPOISON") introduce TTU_HWPOISON to replace TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON in order to stop send SIGBUS signal when accessing an error page after a memory error on a clean folio. However during page migration, anon folio must be set with TTU_HWPOISON during unmap_*(). For pagecache we need some policy just like the one in hwpoison_user_mappings to set this flag. So move this policy from hwpoison_user_mappings to unmap_poisoned_folio to handle this warning properly.

Warning will be produced during unamp poison folio with the following log:

------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 365 at mm/rmap.c:1847 try_to_unmap_one+0x8fc/0xd3c Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 365 Comm: bash Tainted: G W 6.13.0-rc1-00018-gacdb4bbda7ab #42 Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 pstate: 20400005 (nzCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : try_to_unmap_one+0x8fc/0xd3c lr : try_to_unmap_one+0x3dc/0xd3c Call trace: try_to_unmap_one+0x8fc/0xd3c (P) try_to_unmap_one+0x3dc/0xd3c (L) rmap_walk_anon+0xdc/0x1f8 rmap_walk+0x3c/0x58 try_to_unmap+0x88/0x90 unmap_poisoned_folio+0x30/0xa8 do_migrate_range+0x4a0/0x568 offline_pages+0x5a4/0x670 memory_block_action+0x17c/0x374 memory_subsys_offline+0x3c/0x78 device_offline+0xa4/0xd0 state_store+0x8c/0xf0 dev_attr_store+0x18/0x2c sysfs_kf_write+0x44/0x54 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x118/0x1a8 vfs_write+0x3a8/0x4bc ksys_write+0x6c/0xf8 __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28 invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 el0_svc+0x30/0xd0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0xc8/0xcc el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

[(CVE-2025-21907)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amd/display: Assign normalized_pix_clk when color depth = 14

[WHY & HOW] A warning message "WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 459 at ... /dc_resource.c:3397 calculate_phy_pix_clks+0xef/0x100 [amdgpu]" occurs because the display_color_depth == COLOR_DEPTH_141414 is not handled. This is observed in Radeon RX 6600 XT.

It is fixed by assigning pix_clk * (14 * 3) / 24 - same as the rests.

Also fixes the indentation in get_norm_pix_clk.

(cherry picked from commit 274a87eb389f58eddcbc5659ab0b180b37e92775)(CVE-2025-21956)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_conncount: Fully initialize struct nf_conncount_tuple in insert_tree()

Since commit b36e4523d4d5 ("netfilter: nf_conncount: fix garbage collection confirm race"), cpu and jiffies32 were introduced to the struct nf_conncount_tuple.

The commit made nf_conncount_add() initialize conn->cpu and conn->jiffies32 when allocating the struct. In contrast, count_tree() was not changed to initialize them.

By commit 34848d5c896e ("netfilter: nf_conncount: Split insert and traversal"), count_tree() was split and the relevant allocation code now resides in insert_tree(). Initialize conn->cpu and conn->jiffies32 in insert_tree().

BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in find_or_evict net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:117 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in __nf_conncount_add+0xd9c/0x2850 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:143 find_or_evict net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:117 [inline] __nf_conncount_add+0xd9c/0x2850 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:143 count_tree net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:438 [inline] nf_conncount_count+0x82f/0x1e80 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:521 connlimit_mt+0x7f6/0xbd0 net/netfilter/xt_connlimit.c:72 __nft_match_eval net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:403 [inline] nft_match_eval+0x1a5/0x300 net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:433 expr_call_ops_eval net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:240 [inline] nft_do_chain+0x426/0x2290 net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:288 nft_do_chain_ipv4+0x1a5/0x230 net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c:23 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf4/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook_slow_list+0x24d/0x860 net/netfilter/core.c:663 NF_HOOK_LIST include/linux/netfilter.h:350 [inline] ip_sublist_rcv+0x17b7/0x17f0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:633 ip_list_rcv+0x9ef/0xa40 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:669 __netif_receive_skb_list_ptype net/core/dev.c:5936 [inline] __netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x15c5/0x1670 net/core/dev.c:5983 __netif_receive_skb_list net/core/dev.c:6035 [inline] netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x1085/0x1700 net/core/dev.c:6126 netif_receive_skb_list+0x5a/0x460 net/core/dev.c:6178 xdp_recv_frames net/bpf/test_run.c:280 [inline] xdp_test_run_batch net/bpf/test_run.c:361 [inline] bpf_test_run_xdp_live+0x2e86/0x3480 net/bpf/test_run.c:390 bpf_prog_test_run_xdp+0xf1d/0x1ae0 net/bpf/test_run.c:1316 bpf_prog_test_run+0x5e5/0xa30 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:4407 __sys_bpf+0x6aa/0xd90 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5813 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5902 [inline] __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5900 [inline] __ia32_sys_bpf+0xa0/0xe0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5900 ia32_sys_call+0x394d/0x4180 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_32.h:358 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:165 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xb0/0x110 arch/x86/entry/common.c:387 do_fast_syscall_32+0x38/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:412 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:450 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x84/0x8e

Uninit was created at: slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4121 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4164 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x915/0xe10 mm/slub.c:4171 insert_tree net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:372 [inline] count_tree net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:450 [inline] nf_conncount_count+0x1415/0x1e80 net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c:521 connlimit_mt+0x7f6/0xbd0 net/netfilter/xt_connlimit.c:72 __nft_match_eval net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:403 [inline] nft_match_eval+0x1a5/0x300 net/netfilter/nft_compat.c:433 expr_call_ops_eval net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:240 [inline] nft_do_chain+0x426/0x2290 net/netfilter/nf_tables_core.c:288 nft_do_chain_ipv4+0x1a5/0x230 net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c:23 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf4/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook_slow_list+0x24d/0x860 net/netfilter/core.c:663 NF_HOOK_LIST include/linux/netfilter.h:350 [inline] ip_sublist_rcv+0x17b7/0x17f0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:633 ip_list_rcv+0x9ef/0xa40 net/ip ---truncated---(CVE-2025-21959)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix slab-use-after-free Read in l2cap_send_cmd

After the hci sync command releases l2cap_conn, the hci receive data work queue references the released l2cap_conn when sending to the upper layer. Add hci dev lock to the hci receive data work queue to synchronize the two.

[1] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in l2cap_send_cmd+0x187/0x8d0 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:954 Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880271a4000 by task kworker/u9:2/5837

CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5837 Comm: kworker/u9:2 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-syzkaller-00163-gab75170520d4 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 Workqueue: hci1 hci_rx_work Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline] print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:489 kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:602 l2cap_build_cmd net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:2964 [inline] l2cap_send_cmd+0x187/0x8d0 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:954 l2cap_sig_send_rej net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:5502 [inline] l2cap_sig_channel net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:5538 [inline] l2cap_recv_frame+0x221f/0x10db0 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:6817 hci_acldata_packet net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:3797 [inline] hci_rx_work+0x508/0xdb0 net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:4040 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa66/0x1840 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 </TASK>

Allocated by task 5837: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3f/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0x98/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:394 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline] __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x243/0x390 mm/slub.c:4329 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:901 [inline] kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1037 [inline] l2cap_conn_add+0xa9/0x8e0 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:6860 l2cap_connect_cfm+0x115/0x1090 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:7239 hci_connect_cfm include/net/bluetooth/hci_core.h:2057 [inline] hci_remote_features_evt+0x68e/0xac0 net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:3726 hci_event_func net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:7473 [inline] hci_event_packet+0xac2/0x1540 net/bluetooth/hci_event.c:7525 hci_rx_work+0x3f3/0xdb0 net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:4035 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa66/0x1840 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244

Freed by task 54: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3f/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 kasan_save_free_info+0x40/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:582 poison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:247 [inline] __kasan_slab_free+0x59/0x70 mm/kasan/common.c:264 kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:233 [inline] slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:2353 [inline] slab_free mm/slub.c:4613 [inline] kfree+0x196/0x430 mm/slub.c:4761 l2cap_connect_cfm+0xcc/0x1090 net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:7235 hci_connect_cfm include/net/bluetooth/hci_core.h:2057 [inline] hci_conn_failed+0x287/0x400 net/bluetooth/hci_conn.c:1266 hci_abort_conn_sync+0x56c/0x11f0 net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c:5603 hci_cmd_sync_work+0x22b/0x400 net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c:332 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa66/0x1840 kernel/workqueue.c:3310 worker_thread+0x870/0xd30 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entr ---truncated---(CVE-2025-21969)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

Bluetooth: btnxpuart: Fix kernel panic during FW release

This fixes a kernel panic seen during release FW in a stress test scenario where WLAN and BT FW download occurs simultaneously, and due to a HW bug, chip sends out only 1 bootloader signatures.

When driver receives the bootloader signature, it enters FW download mode, but since no consequtive bootloader signatures seen, FW file is not requested.

After 60 seconds, when FW download times out, release_firmware causes a kernel panic.

[ 2601.949184] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000312e6f006573 [ 2601.992076] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000111802000 [ 2601.992080] [0000312e6f006573] pgd=0000000000000000, p4d=0000000000000000 [ 2601.992087] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000021 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 2601.992091] Modules linked in: algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg btnxpuart(O) pciexxx(O) mlan(O) overlay fsl_jr_uio caam_jr caamkeyblob_desc caamhash_desc caamalg_desc crypto_engine authenc libdes crct10dif_ce polyval_ce snd_soc_fsl_easrc snd_soc_fsl_asoc_card imx8_media_dev(C) snd_soc_fsl_micfil polyval_generic snd_soc_fsl_xcvr snd_soc_fsl_sai snd_soc_imx_audmux snd_soc_fsl_asrc snd_soc_imx_card snd_soc_imx_hdmi snd_soc_fsl_aud2htx snd_soc_fsl_utils imx_pcm_dma dw_hdmi_cec flexcan can_dev [ 2602.001825] CPU: 2 PID: 20060 Comm: hciconfig Tainted: G C O 6.6.23-lts-next-06236-gb586a521770e #1 [ 2602.010182] Hardware name: NXP i.MX8MPlus EVK board (DT) [ 2602.010185] pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) [ 2602.010191] pc : _raw_spin_lock+0x34/0x68 [ 2602.010201] lr : free_fw_priv+0x20/0xfc [ 2602.020561] sp : ffff800089363b30 [ 2602.020563] x29: ffff800089363b30 x28: ffff0000d0eb5880 x27: 0000000000000000 [ 2602.020570] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff0000d728b330 x24: 0000000000000000 [ 2602.020577] x23: ffff0000dc856f38 [ 2602.033797] x22: ffff800089363b70 x21: ffff0000dc856000 [ 2602.033802] x20: ff00312e6f006573 x19: ffff0000d0d9ea80 x18: 0000000000000000 [ 2602.033809] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 0000aaaad80dd480 [ 2602.083320] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 00000000000001b9 x12: 0000000000000002 [ 2602.083326] x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000a60 x9 : ffff800089363a30 [ 2602.083333] x8 : ffff0001793d75c0 x7 : ffff0000d6dbc400 x6 : 0000000000000000 [ 2602.083339] x5 : 00000000410fd030 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000001 [ 2602.083346] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000001 x0 : ff00312e6f006573 [ 2602.083354] Call trace: [ 2602.083356] _raw_spin_lock+0x34/0x68 [ 2602.083364] release_firmware+0x48/0x6c [ 2602.083370] nxp_setup+0x3c4/0x540 [btnxpuart] [ 2602.083383] hci_dev_open_sync+0xf0/0xa34 [ 2602.083391] hci_dev_open+0xd8/0x178 [ 2602.083399] hci_sock_ioctl+0x3b0/0x590 [ 2602.083405] sock_do_ioctl+0x60/0x118 [ 2602.083413] sock_ioctl+0x2f4/0x374 [ 2602.091430] __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0xf0 [ 2602.091437] invoke_syscall+0x48/0x110 [ 2602.091445] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0 [ 2602.091452] do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 [ 2602.091457] el0_svc+0x40/0xe4 [ 2602.091465] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x12c [ 2602.091470] el0t_64_sync+0x190/0x194(CVE-2025-22102)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bonding: check xdp prog when set bond mode

Following operations can trigger a warning[1]:

ip netns add ns1
ip netns exec ns1 ip link add bond0 type bond mode balance-rr
ip netns exec ns1 ip link set dev bond0 xdp obj af_xdp_kern.o sec xdp
ip netns exec ns1 ip link set bond0 type bond mode broadcast
ip netns del ns1

When delete the namespace, dev_xdp_uninstall() is called to remove xdp program on bond dev, and bond_xdp_set() will check the bond mode. If bond mode is changed after attaching xdp program, the warning may occur.

Some bond modes (broadcast, etc.) do not support native xdp. Set bond mode with xdp program attached is not good. Add check for xdp program when set bond mode.

[1]
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 11 at net/core/dev.c:9912 unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x8d9/0x930
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 11 Comm: kworker/u4:0 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc4 #107
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.15.0-0-g2dd4b9b3f840-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Workqueue: netns cleanup_net
RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x8d9/0x930
Code: 00 00 48 c7 c6 6f e3 a2 82 48 c7 c7 d0 b3 96 82 e8 9c 10 3e ...
RSP: 0018:ffffc90000063d80 EFLAGS: 00000282
RAX: 00000000ffffffa1 RBX: ffff888004959000 RCX: 00000000ffffdfff
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000ffffffea RDI: ffffc90000063b48
RBP: ffffc90000063e28 R08: ffffffff82d39b28 R09: 0000000000009ffb
R10: 0000000000000175 R11: ffffffff82d09b40 R12: ffff8880049598e8
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: dead000000000100 R15: ffffc90000045000
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff888007a00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000000000d406b60 CR3: 000000000483e000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 ? __warn+0x83/0x130
 ? unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x8d9/0x930
 ? report_bug+0x18e/0x1a0
 ? handle_bug+0x54/0x90
 ? exc_invalid_op+0x18/0x70
 ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20
 ? unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x8d9/0x930
 ? bond_net_exit_batch_rtnl+0x5c/0x90
 cleanup_net+0x237/0x3d0
 process_one_work+0x163/0x390
 worker_thread+0x293/0x3b0
 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
 kthread+0xec/0x1e0
 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
 ret_from_fork+0x2f/0x50
 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
 </TASK>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---(CVE-2025-22105)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amd/pm: Prevent division by zero

The user can set any speed value. If speed is greater than UINT_MAX/8, division by zero is possible.

Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.(CVE-2025-37767)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

isofs: Prevent the use of too small fid

syzbot reported a slab-out-of-bounds Read in isofs_fh_to_parent. [1]

The handle_bytes value passed in by the reproducing program is equal to 12. In handle_to_path(), only 12 bytes of memory are allocated for the structure file_handle->f_handle member, which causes an out-of-bounds access when accessing the member parent_block of the structure isofs_fid in isofs, because accessing parent_block requires at least 16 bytes of f_handle. Here, fh_len is used to indirectly confirm that the value of handle_bytes is greater than 3 before accessing parent_block.

[1] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in isofs_fh_to_parent+0x1b8/0x210 fs/isofs/export.c:183 Read of size 4 at addr ffff0000cc030d94 by task syz-executor215/6466 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6466 Comm: syz-executor215 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc7-syzkaller-ga2392f333575 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025 Call trace: show_stack+0x2c/0x3c arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c:466 (C) __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0xe4/0x150 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline] print_report+0x198/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:521 kasan_report+0xd8/0x138 mm/kasan/report.c:634 __asan_report_load4_noabort+0x20/0x2c mm/kasan/report_generic.c:380 isofs_fh_to_parent+0x1b8/0x210 fs/isofs/export.c:183 exportfs_decode_fh_raw+0x2dc/0x608 fs/exportfs/expfs.c:523 do_handle_to_path+0xa0/0x198 fs/fhandle.c:257 handle_to_path fs/fhandle.c:385 [inline] do_handle_open+0x8cc/0xb8c fs/fhandle.c:403 __do_sys_open_by_handle_at fs/fhandle.c:443 [inline] __se_sys_open_by_handle_at fs/fhandle.c:434 [inline] __arm64_sys_open_by_handle_at+0x80/0x94 fs/fhandle.c:434 __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:35 [inline] invoke_syscall+0x98/0x2b8 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49 el0_svc_common+0x130/0x23c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:132 do_el0_svc+0x48/0x58 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:151 el0_svc+0x54/0x168 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:744 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0x108 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:762 el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:600

Allocated by task 6466: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x40/0x78 mm/kasan/common.c:68 kasan_save_alloc_info+0x40/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:562 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0xac/0xc4 mm/kasan/common.c:394 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline] __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4294 [inline] __kmalloc_noprof+0x32c/0x54c mm/slub.c:4306 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline] handle_to_path fs/fhandle.c:357 [inline] do_handle_open+0x5a4/0xb8c fs/fhandle.c:403 __do_sys_open_by_handle_at fs/fhandle.c:443 [inline] __se_sys_open_by_handle_at fs/fhandle.c:434 [inline] __arm64_sys_open_by_handle_at+0x80/0x94 fs/fhandle.c:434 __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:35 [inline] invoke_syscall+0x98/0x2b8 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49 el0_svc_common+0x130/0x23c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:132 do_el0_svc+0x48/0x58 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:151 el0_svc+0x54/0x168 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:744 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0x108 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:762 el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:600(CVE-2025-37780)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

spi: spi-imx: Add check for spi_imx_setupxfer()

Add check for the return value of spi_imx_setupxfer(). spi_imx->rx and spi_imx->tx function pointer can be NULL when spi_imx_setupxfer() return error, and make NULL pointer dereference.

Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000 Call trace: 0x0 spi_imx_pio_transfer+0x50/0xd8 spi_imx_transfer_one+0x18c/0x858 spi_transfer_one_message+0x43c/0x790 __spi_pump_transfer_message+0x238/0x5d4 __spi_sync+0x2b0/0x454 spi_write_then_read+0x11c/0x200(CVE-2025-37801)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: xhci: Fix invalid pointer dereference in Etron workaround

This check is performed before prepare_transfer() and prepare_ring(), so enqueue can already point at the final link TRB of a segment. And indeed it will, some 0.4% of times this code is called.

Then enqueue + 1 is an invalid pointer. It will crash the kernel right away or load some junk which may look like a link TRB and cause the real link TRB to be replaced with a NOOP. This wouldn't end well.

Use a functionally equivalent test which doesn't dereference the pointer and always gives correct result.

Something has crashed my machine twice in recent days while playing with an Etron HC, and a control transfer stress test ran for confirmation has just crashed it again. The same test passes with this patch applied.(CVE-2025-37813)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

irqchip/gic-v2m: Prevent use after free of gicv2m_get_fwnode()

With ACPI in place, gicv2m_get_fwnode() is registered with the pci subsystem as pci_msi_get_fwnode_cb(), which may get invoked at runtime during a PCI host bridge probe. But, the call back is wrongly marked as __init, causing it to be freed, while being registered with the PCI subsystem and could trigger:

Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff8000816c0400 gicv2m_get_fwnode+0x0/0x58 (P) pci_set_bus_msi_domain+0x74/0x88 pci_register_host_bridge+0x194/0x548

This is easily reproducible on a Juno board with ACPI boot.

Retain the function for later use.(CVE-2025-37819)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

HID: pidff: Fix null pointer dereference in pidff_find_fields

This function triggered a null pointer dereference if used to search for a report that isn't implemented on the device. This happened both for optional and required reports alike.

The same logic was applied to pidff_find_special_field and although pidff_init_fields should return an error earlier if one of the required reports is missing, future modifications could change this logic and resurface this possible null pointer dereference again.

LKML bug report: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAL-gK7f5=R0nrrQdPtaZZr1fd-cdAMbDMuZ_NLA8vM0SX+nGSw@mail.gmail.com(CVE-2025-37862)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class with netem as child qdisc

As described in Gerrard's report [1], we have a UAF case when an hfsc class has a netem child qdisc. The crux of the issue is that hfsc is assuming that checking for cl->qdisc->q.qlen == 0 guarantees that it hasn't inserted the class in the vttree or eltree (which is not true for the netem duplicate case).

This patch checks the n_active class variable to make sure that the code won't insert the class in the vttree or eltree twice, catering for the reentrant case.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CAHcdcOm+03OD2j6R0=YHKqmy=VgJ8xEOKuP6c7mSgnp-TEJJbw@mail.gmail.com/(CVE-2025-37890)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xsk: Fix race condition in AF_XDP generic RX path

Move rx_lock from xsk_socket to xsk_buff_pool. Fix synchronization for shared umem mode in generic RX path where multiple sockets share single xsk_buff_pool.

RX queue is exclusive to xsk_socket, while FILL queue can be shared between multiple sockets. This could result in race condition where two CPU cores access RX path of two different sockets sharing the same umem.

Protect both queues by acquiring spinlock in shared xsk_buff_pool.

Lock contention may be minimized in the future by some per-thread FQ buffering.

It's safe and necessary to move spin_lock_bh(rx_lock) after xsk_rcv_check():

• xs->pool and spinlock_init is synchronized by xsk_bind() -> xsk_is_bound() memory barriers.
• xsk_rcv_check() may return true at the moment of xsk_release() or xsk_unbind_dev(), however this will not cause any data races or race conditions. xsk_unbind_dev() removes xdp socket from all maps and waits for completion of all outstanding rx operations. Packets in RX path will either complete safely or drop.(CVE-2025-37920)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sch_hfsc: Fix qlen accounting bug when using peek in hfsc_enqueue()

When enqueuing the first packet to an HFSC class, hfsc_enqueue() calls the child qdisc's peek() operation before incrementing sch->q.qlen and sch->qstats.backlog. If the child qdisc uses qdisc_peek_dequeued(), this may trigger an immediate dequeue and potential packet drop. In such cases, qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() is called, but the HFSC qdisc's qlen and backlog have not yet been updated, leading to inconsistent queue accounting. This can leave an empty HFSC class in the active list, causing further consequences like use-after-free.

This patch fixes the bug by moving the increment of sch->q.qlen and sch->qstats.backlog before the call to the child qdisc's peek() operation. This ensures that queue length and backlog are always accurate when packet drops or dequeues are triggered during the peek.(CVE-2025-38000)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net_sched: hfsc: Address reentrant enqueue adding class to eltree twice

Savino says: "We are writing to report that this recent patch (141d34391abbb315d68556b7c67ad97885407547) [1] can be bypassed, and a UAF can still occur when HFSC is utilized with NETEM.

The patch only checks the cl->cl_nactive field to determine whether
it is the first insertion or not [2], but this field is only
incremented by init_vf [3].

By using HFSC_RSC (which uses init_ed) [4], it is possible to bypass the
check and insert the class twice in the eltree.
Under normal conditions, this would lead to an infinite loop in
hfsc_dequeue for the reasons we already explained in this report [5].

However, if TBF is added as root qdisc and it is configured with a
very low rate,
it can be utilized to prevent packets from being dequeued.
This behavior can be exploited to perform subsequent insertions in the
HFSC eltree and cause a UAF."

To fix both the UAF and the infinite loop, with netem as an hfsc child, check explicitly in hfsc_enqueue whether the class is already in the eltree whenever the HFSC_RSC flag is set.

[1] https://web.git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=141d34391abbb315d68556b7c67ad97885407547 [2] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15-rc5/source/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c#L1572 [3] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15-rc5/source/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c#L677 [4] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15-rc5/source/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c#L1574 [5] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/8DuRWwfqjoRDLDmBMlIfbrsZg9Gx50DHJc1ilxsEBNe2D6NMoigR_eIRIG0LOjMc3r10nUUZtArXx4oZBIdUfZQrwjcQhdinnMis_0G7VEk=@willsroot.io/T/#u(CVE-2025-38001)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: mctp: Don't access ifa_index when missing

In mctp_dump_addrinfo, ifa_index can be used to filter interfaces, but only when the struct ifaddrmsg is provided. Otherwise it will be comparing to uninitialised memory - reproducible in the syzkaller case from dhcpd, or busybox "ip addr show".

The kernel MCTP implementation has always filtered by ifa_index, so existing userspace programs expecting to dump MCTP addresses must already be passing a valid ifa_index value (either 0 or a real index).

BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in mctp_dump_addrinfo+0x208/0xac0 net/mctp/device.c:128 mctp_dump_addrinfo+0x208/0xac0 net/mctp/device.c:128 rtnl_dump_all+0x3ec/0x5b0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4380 rtnl_dumpit+0xd5/0x2f0 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6824 netlink_dump+0x97b/0x1690 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2309(CVE-2025-38006)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: mt76: disable napi on driver removal

A warning on driver removal started occurring after commit 9dd05df8403b ("net: warn if NAPI instance wasn't shut down"). Disable tx napi before deleting it in mt76_dma_cleanup().

WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 18828 at net/core/dev.c:7288 __netif_napi_del_locked+0xf0/0x100 CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 18828 Comm: modprobe Not tainted 6.15.0-rc4 #4 PREEMPT(lazy) Hardware name: ASUS System Product Name/PRIME X670E-PRO WIFI, BIOS 3035 09/05/2024 RIP: 0010:__netif_napi_del_locked+0xf0/0x100 Call Trace: <TASK> mt76_dma_cleanup+0x54/0x2f0 [mt76] mt7921_pci_remove+0xd5/0x190 [mt7921e] pci_device_remove+0x47/0xc0 device_release_driver_internal+0x19e/0x200 driver_detach+0x48/0x90 bus_remove_driver+0x6d/0xf0 pci_unregister_driver+0x2e/0xb0 __do_sys_delete_module.isra.0+0x197/0x2e0 do_syscall_64+0x7b/0x160 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

Tested with mt7921e but the same pattern can be actually applied to other mt76 drivers calling mt76_dma_cleanup() during removal. Tx napi is enabled in their *_dma_init() functions and only toggled off and on again inside their suspend/resume/reset paths. So it should be okay to disable tx napi in such a generic way.

Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org).(CVE-2025-38009)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: mac80211: Set n_channels after allocating struct cfg80211_scan_request

Make sure that n_channels is set after allocating the struct cfg80211_registered_device::int_scan_req member. Seen with syzkaller:

UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/mac80211/scan.c:1208:5 index 0 is out of range for type 'struct ieee80211_channel *[] __counted_by(n_channels)' (aka 'struct ieee80211_channel *[]')

This was missed in the initial conversions because I failed to locate the allocation likely due to the "sizeof(void *)" not matching the "channels" array type.(CVE-2025-38013)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: iwlwifi: fix debug actions order

The order of actions taken for debug was implemented incorrectly. Now we implemented the dump split and do the FW reset only in the middle of the dump (rather than the FW killing itself on error.) As a result, some of the actions taken when applying the config will now crash the device, so we need to fix the order.(CVE-2025-38045)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/tipc: fix slab-use-after-free Read in tipc_aead_encrypt_done

Syzbot reported a slab-use-after-free with the following call trace:

================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in tipc_aead_encrypt_done+0x4bd/0x510 net/tipc/crypto.c:840 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88807a733000 by task kworker/1:0/25

Call Trace: kasan_report+0xd9/0x110 mm/kasan/report.c:601 tipc_aead_encrypt_done+0x4bd/0x510 net/tipc/crypto.c:840 crypto_request_complete include/crypto/algapi.h:266 aead_request_complete include/crypto/internal/aead.h:85 cryptd_aead_crypt+0x3b8/0x750 crypto/cryptd.c:772 crypto_request_complete include/crypto/algapi.h:266 cryptd_queue_worker+0x131/0x200 crypto/cryptd.c:181 process_one_work+0x9fb/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3231

Allocated by task 8355: kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:778 tipc_crypto_start+0xcc/0x9e0 net/tipc/crypto.c:1466 tipc_init_net+0x2dd/0x430 net/tipc/core.c:72 ops_init+0xb9/0x650 net/core/net_namespace.c:139 setup_net+0x435/0xb40 net/core/net_namespace.c:343 copy_net_ns+0x2f0/0x670 net/core/net_namespace.c:508 create_new_namespaces+0x3ea/0xb10 kernel/nsproxy.c:110 unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0xc0/0x1f0 kernel/nsproxy.c:228 ksys_unshare+0x419/0x970 kernel/fork.c:3323 __do_sys_unshare kernel/fork.c:3394

Freed by task 63: kfree+0x12a/0x3b0 mm/slub.c:4557 tipc_crypto_stop+0x23c/0x500 net/tipc/crypto.c:1539 tipc_exit_net+0x8c/0x110 net/tipc/core.c:119 ops_exit_list+0xb0/0x180 net/core/net_namespace.c:173 cleanup_net+0x5b7/0xbf0 net/core/net_namespace.c:640 process_one_work+0x9fb/0x1b60 kernel/workqueue.c:3231

After freed the tipc_crypto tx by delete namespace, tipc_aead_encrypt_done may still visit it in cryptd_queue_worker workqueue.

I reproduce this issue by: ip netns add ns1 ip link add veth1 type veth peer name veth2 ip link set veth1 netns ns1 ip netns exec ns1 tipc bearer enable media eth dev veth1 ip netns exec ns1 tipc node set key this_is_a_master_key master ip netns exec ns1 tipc bearer disable media eth dev veth1 ip netns del ns1

The key of reproduction is that, simd_aead_encrypt is interrupted, leading to crypto_simd_usable() return false. Thus, the cryptd_queue_worker is triggered, and the tipc_crypto tx will be visited.

tipc_disc_timeout tipc_bearer_xmit_skb tipc_crypto_xmit tipc_aead_encrypt crypto_aead_encrypt // encrypt() simd_aead_encrypt // crypto_simd_usable() is false child = &ctx->cryptd_tfm->base;

simd_aead_encrypt crypto_aead_encrypt // encrypt() cryptd_aead_encrypt_enqueue cryptd_aead_enqueue cryptd_enqueue_request // trigger cryptd_queue_worker queue_work_on(smp_processor_id(), cryptd_wq, &cpu_queue->work)

Fix this by holding net reference count before encrypt.(CVE-2025-38052)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

crypto: lzo - Fix compression buffer overrun

Unlike the decompression code, the compression code in LZO never checked for output overruns. It instead assumes that the caller always provides enough buffer space, disregarding the buffer length provided by the caller.

Add a safe compression interface that checks for the end of buffer before each write. Use the safe interface in crypto/lzo.(CVE-2025-38068)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

powerpc/powernv/memtrace: Fix out of bounds issue in memtrace mmap

memtrace mmap issue has an out of bounds issue. This patch fixes the by checking that the requested mapping region size should stay within the allocated region size.(CVE-2025-38088)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sunrpc: handle SVC_GARBAGE during svc auth processing as auth error

tianshuo han reported a remotely-triggerable crash if the client sends a kernel RPC server a specially crafted packet. If decoding the RPC reply fails in such a way that SVC_GARBAGE is returned without setting the rq_accept_statp pointer, then that pointer can be dereferenced and a value stored there.

If it's the first time the thread has processed an RPC, then that pointer will be set to NULL and the kernel will crash. In other cases, it could create a memory scribble.

The server sunrpc code treats a SVC_GARBAGE return from svc_authenticate or pg_authenticate as if it should send a GARBAGE_ARGS reply. RFC 5531 says that if authentication fails that the RPC should be rejected instead with a status of AUTH_ERR.

Handle a SVC_GARBAGE return as an AUTH_ERROR, with a reason of AUTH_BADCRED instead of returning GARBAGE_ARGS in that case. This sidesteps the whole problem of touching the rpc_accept_statp pointer in this situation and avoids the crash.(CVE-2025-38089)

Linux kernel is the kernel used by Linux, the open source operating system of the Linux Foundation in the United States. There is a security vulnerability in Linux kernel, which originates from the TOCTOU problem with the sk_is_readable function, which may cause the null pointer to be dereferenced.(CVE-2025-38112)

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Linux Kernel up to 6.15.1 (Operating System).CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-404. The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.This is going to have an impact on availability.Upgrading to version 5.4.295, 5.10.239, 5.15.186, 6.1.142, 6.6.94, 6.12.33, 6.14.11, 6.15.2 or 6.16-rc1 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch e49e994cd83705f7ca30eda1e304abddfd96a37a/0a3011d47dbc92a33621861c423cb64833d7fe57/2f62eda4d974c26bc595425eafd429067541f2c9/85286e634ebbaf9c0fb1cdf580add2f33fc7628c/5a057f261539720165d03d85024da2b52e67f63d/eb2d5e794fb966b3ef8bde99eb8561446a53509f/0771bcbe2f6e5d5f263cf466efe571d2754a46da/cdb4feab2f39e75a66239e3a112beced279612a8/0f73628e9da1ee39daf5f188190cdbaee5e0c98c is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38174)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tipc: fix null-ptr-deref when acquiring remote ip of ethernet bearer

The reproduction steps:

1. create a tun interface
2. enable l2 bearer
3. TIPC_NL_UDP_GET_REMOTEIP with media name set to tun

tipc: Started in network mode tipc: Node identity 8af312d38a21, cluster identity 4711 tipc: Enabled bearer <eth:syz_tun>, priority 1 Oops: general protection fault KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range CPU: 1 UID: 1000 PID: 559 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1+ #117 PREEMPT Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC RIP: 0010:tipc_udp_nl_dump_remoteip+0x4a4/0x8f0

the ub was in fact a struct dev.

when bid != 0 && skip_cnt != 0, bearer_list[bid] may be NULL or other media when other thread changes it.

fix this by checking media_id.(CVE-2025-38184)

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Linux Kernel up to 6.6.94/6.12.34/6.15.3/6.16-rc1 (Operating System).CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-476. A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.This is going to have an impact on availability.Upgrading to version 6.6.95, 6.12.35, 6.15.4 or 6.16-rc2 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch bfa4d86e130a09f67607482e988313430e38f6c4/2a3ad42a57b43145839f2f233fb562247658a6d9/e9994e7b9f7bbb882d13c8191731649249150d21/ba9db6f907ac02215e30128770f85fbd7db2fcf9 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at EUVD (EUVD-2025-20064).(CVE-2025-38192)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

scsi: megaraid_sas: Fix invalid node index

On a system with DRAM interleave enabled, out-of-bound access is detected:

megaraid_sas 0000:3f:00.0: requested/available msix 128/128 poll_queue 0 ------------[ cut here ]------------ UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in ./arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h:72:28 index -1 is out of range for type 'cpumask *[1024]' dump_stack_lvl+0x5d/0x80 ubsan_epilogue+0x5/0x2b __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds.cold+0x46/0x4b megasas_alloc_irq_vectors+0x149/0x190 [megaraid_sas] megasas_probe_one.cold+0xa4d/0x189c [megaraid_sas] local_pci_probe+0x42/0x90 pci_device_probe+0xdc/0x290 really_probe+0xdb/0x340 __driver_probe_device+0x78/0x110 driver_probe_device+0x1f/0xa0 __driver_attach+0xba/0x1c0 bus_for_each_dev+0x8b/0xe0 bus_add_driver+0x142/0x220 driver_register+0x72/0xd0 megasas_init+0xdf/0xff0 [megaraid_sas] do_one_initcall+0x57/0x310 do_init_module+0x90/0x250 init_module_from_file+0x85/0xc0 idempotent_init_module+0x114/0x310 __x64_sys_finit_module+0x65/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x82/0x170 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

Fix it accordingly.(CVE-2025-38239)

A vulnerability was found in Linux Kernel up to 6.15.4/6.16-rc3 (Operating System). It has been classified as critical.CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-416. Referencing memory after it has been freed can cause a program to crash, use unexpected values, or execute code.This is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Upgrading to version 6.15.5 or 6.16-rc4 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch f05a4f9e959e0fc098046044c650acf897ea52d2/7544f3f5b0b58c396f374d060898b5939da31709 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at EUVD (EUVD-2025-20813).(CVE-2025-38248)

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Linux Kernel up to 5.15.185/6.1.141/6.6.93/6.12.33/6.15.2 (Operating System).Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-824. The product accesses or uses a pointer that has not been initialized.Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Upgrading to version 5.15.186, 6.1.142, 6.6.94, 6.12.34, 6.15.3 or 6.16-rc1 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch 668923c474608dd9ebce0fbcc41bd8a27aa73dd6/cef33a86bcb04ecf4dc10c56f6c42ee9d1c54bac/d2507aeea45b3c5aa24d5daae0cf3db76895c0b7/d5d9fd13bc19a3f9f2a951c5b6e934d84205789e/cd4cd09810211fa23609c5c1018352e9e1cd8e5a/7632fedb266d93ed0ed9f487133e6c6314a9b2d1 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38310)

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Linux Kernel up to 6.6.95/6.12.35/6.15.4 (Operating System).CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-404. The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.This is going to have an impact on availability.Upgrading to version 6.6.96, 6.12.36, 6.15.5 or 6.16-rc1 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch e0051a3daa8b2cb318b03b2f9317c3e40855847a/98fd66c8ba77e3a7137575f610271014bc0e701f/aee7a7439f8c0884da87694a401930204a57128f/17502e7d7b7113346296f6758324798d536c31fd is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38369)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: flowtable: account for Ethernet header in nf_flow_pppoe_proto()

syzbot found a potential access to uninit-value in nf_flow_pppoe_proto()

Blamed commit forgot the Ethernet header.

BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in nf_flow_offload_inet_hook+0x7e4/0x940 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c:27 nf_flow_offload_inet_hook+0x7e4/0x940 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c:27 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:157 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xe1/0x3d0 net/netfilter/core.c:623 nf_hook_ingress include/linux/netfilter_netdev.h:34 [inline] nf_ingress net/core/dev.c:5742 [inline] __netif_receive_skb_core+0x4aff/0x70c0 net/core/dev.c:5837 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5975 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0xcc/0xac0 net/core/dev.c:6090 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6176 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x57/0x630 net/core/dev.c:6235 tun_rx_batched+0x1df/0x980 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x4ee0/0x6b40 drivers/net/tun.c:1938 tun_chr_write_iter+0x3e9/0x5c0 drivers/net/tun.c:1984 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0xb4b/0x1580 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write fs/read_write.c:738 [inline] __do_sys_write fs/read_write.c:749 inline

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

raid10: cleanup memleak at raid10_make_request

If raid10_read_request or raid10_write_request registers a new request and the REQ_NOWAIT flag is set, the code does not free the malloc from the mempool.

unreferenced object 0xffff8884802c3200 (size 192): comm "fio", pid 9197, jiffies 4298078271 hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 88 41 02 00 00 00 00 00 .........A...... 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace (crc c1a049a2): __kmalloc+0x2bb/0x450 mempool_alloc+0x11b/0x320 raid10_make_request+0x19e/0x650 [raid10] md_handle_request+0x3b3/0x9e0 __submit_bio+0x394/0x560 __submit_bio_noacct+0x145/0x530 submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x682/0x830 __blkdev_direct_IO_async+0x4dc/0x6b0 blkdev_read_iter+0x1e5/0x3b0 __io_read+0x230/0x1110 io_read+0x13/0x30 io_issue_sqe+0x134/0x1180 io_submit_sqes+0x48c/0xe90 __do_sys_io_uring_enter+0x574/0x8b0 do_syscall_64+0x5c/0xe0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

V4: changing backing tree to see if CKI tests will pass. The patch code has not changed between any versions.(CVE-2025-38444)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

md/raid1: Fix stack memory use after return in raid1_reshape

In the raid1_reshape function, newpool is allocated on the stack and assigned to conf->r1bio_pool. This results in conf->r1bio_pool.wait.head pointing to a stack address. Accessing this address later can lead to a kernel panic.

Example access path:

raid1_reshape() { // newpool is on the stack mempool_t newpool, oldpool; // initialize newpool.wait.head to stack address mempool_init(&newpool, ...); conf->r1bio_pool = newpool; }

raid1_read_request() or raid1_write_request() { alloc_r1bio() { mempool_alloc() { // if pool->alloc fails remove_element() { --pool->curr_nr; } } } }

mempool_free() { if (pool->curr_nr < pool->min_nr) { // pool->wait.head is a stack address // wake_up() will try to access this invalid address // which leads to a kernel panic return; wake_up(&pool->wait); } }

Fix: reinit conf->r1bio_pool.wait after assigning newpool.(CVE-2025-38445)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipmi:msghandler: Fix potential memory corruption in ipmi_create_user()

The "intf" list iterator is an invalid pointer if the correct "intf->intf_num" is not found. Calling atomic_dec(&intf->nr_users) on and invalid pointer will lead to memory corruption.

We don't really need to call atomic_dec() if we haven't called atomic_add_return() so update the if (intf->in_shutdown) path as well.(CVE-2025-38456)

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Linux Kernel up to 6.6.98/6.12.38/6.15.6/6.16-rc5 (Operating System).The manipulation of the argument involved with an unknown input leads to a unknown weakness. Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-770. The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated, in violation of the intended security policy for that actor.Impacted is confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Upgrading to version 6.6.99, 6.12.39, 6.15.7 or 6.16-rc6 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch 81373cd1d72d87c7d844d4454a526b8f53e72d00/62e6160cfb5514787bda833d466509edc38fde23/9f164fa6bb09fbcc60fa5c3ff551ce9eec1befd7/d3a5f2871adc0c61c61869f37f3e697d97f03d8c is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38463)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tipc: Fix use-after-free in tipc_conn_close().

syzbot reported a null-ptr-deref in tipc_conn_close() during netns dismantle. [0]

tipc_topsrv_stop() iterates tipc_net(net)->topsrv->conn_idr and calls tipc_conn_close() for each tipc_conn.

The problem is that tipc_conn_close() is called after releasing the IDR lock.

At the same time, there might be tipc_conn_recv_work() running and it could call tipc_conn_close() for the same tipc_conn and release its last ->kref.

Once we release the IDR lock in tipc_topsrv_stop(), there is no guarantee that the tipc_conn is alive.

Let's hold the ref before releasing the lock and put the ref after tipc_conn_close() in tipc_topsrv_stop().

[0]: BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in tipc_conn_close+0x122/0x140 net/tipc/topsrv.c:165 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888099305a08 by task kworker/u4:3/435

CPU: 0 PID: 435 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Not tainted 4.19.204-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline] dump_stack+0x1fc/0x2ef lib/dump_stack.c:118 print_address_description.cold+0x54/0x219 mm/kasan/report.c:256 kasan_report_error.cold+0x8a/0x1b9 mm/kasan/report.c:354 kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:412 [inline] __asan_report_load8_noabort+0x88/0x90 mm/kasan/report.c:433 tipc_conn_close+0x122/0x140 net/tipc/topsrv.c:165 tipc_topsrv_stop net/tipc/topsrv.c:701 [inline] tipc_topsrv_exit_net+0x27b/0x5c0 net/tipc/topsrv.c:722 ops_exit_list+0xa5/0x150 net/core/net_namespace.c:153 cleanup_net+0x3b4/0x8b0 net/core/net_namespace.c:553 process_one_work+0x864/0x1570 kernel/workqueue.c:2153 worker_thread+0x64c/0x1130 kernel/workqueue.c:2296 kthread+0x33f/0x460 kernel/kthread.c:259 ret_from_fork+0x24/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:415

Allocated by task 23: kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x12f/0x380 mm/slab.c:3625 kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:515 [inline] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:709 [inline] tipc_conn_alloc+0x43/0x4f0 net/tipc/topsrv.c:192 tipc_topsrv_accept+0x1b5/0x280 net/tipc/topsrv.c:470 process_one_work+0x864/0x1570 kernel/workqueue.c:2153 worker_thread+0x64c/0x1130 kernel/workqueue.c:2296 kthread+0x33f/0x460 kernel/kthread.c:259 ret_from_fork+0x24/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:415

Freed by task 23: __cache_free mm/slab.c:3503 [inline] kfree+0xcc/0x210 mm/slab.c:3822 tipc_conn_kref_release net/tipc/topsrv.c:150 [inline] kref_put include/linux/kref.h:70 [inline] conn_put+0x2cd/0x3a0 net/tipc/topsrv.c:155 process_one_work+0x864/0x1570 kernel/workqueue.c:2153 worker_thread+0x64c/0x1130 kernel/workqueue.c:2296 kthread+0x33f/0x460 kernel/kthread.c:259 ret_from_fork+0x24/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:415

The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888099305a00 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-512 of size 512 The buggy address is located 8 bytes inside of 512-byte region [ffff888099305a00, ffff888099305c00) The buggy address belongs to the page: page:ffffea000264c140 count:1 mapcount:0 mapping:ffff88813bff0940 index:0x0 flags: 0xfff00000000100(slab) raw: 00fff00000000100 ffffea00028b6b88 ffffea0002cd2b08 ffff88813bff0940 raw: 0000000000000000 ffff888099305000 0000000100000006 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected

Memory state around the buggy address: ffff888099305900: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff888099305980: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc >ffff888099305a00: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff888099305a80: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff888099305b00: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb(CVE-2025-38464)

A vulnerability was found in Linux Kernel up to 6.16-rc5 (Operating System). It has been classified as problematic.CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-345. The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.This is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Upgrading to version 5.4.296, 5.10.240, 5.15.189, 6.1.146, 6.6.99, 6.12.39, 6.15.7 or 6.16-rc6 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch 9da025150b7c14a8390fc06aea314c0a4011e82c/c4ceaac5c5ba0b992ee1dc88e2a02421549e5c98/fd69af06101090eaa60b3d216ae715f9c0a58e5b/76602d8e13864524382b0687dc32cd8f19164d5a/55baecb9eb90238f60a8350660d6762046ebd3bd/4b8e18af7bea92f8b7fb92d40aeae729209db250/cd7ff61bfffd7000143c42bbffb85eeb792466d6/ae8f160e7eb24240a2a79fc4c815c6a0d4ee16cc is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38465)

A vulnerability was found in Linux Kernel up to 6.15.6 (Operating System). It has been rated as critical.Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-404. The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.Impacted is availability.Upgrading to version 5.4.296, 5.10.240, 5.15.189, 6.1.146, 6.6.99, 6.12.39 or 6.15.7 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch 549a9c78c3ea6807d0dc4162a4f5ba59f217d5a0/e62f51d0ec8a9baf324caf9a564f8e318d36a551/ef841f8e4e1ff67817ca899bedc5ebb00847c0a7/f9a4f28a4fc4ee453a92a9abbe36e26224d17749/c64f5310530baf75328292f9b9f3f2961d185183/e2d6547dc8b9b332f9bc00875197287a6a4db65a/ef58a95457466849fa7b31fd3953801a5af0f58b/8af39ec5cf2be522c8eb43a3d8005ed59e4daaee is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38515)

A vulnerability was found in Linux Kernel up to 6.6.99/6.12.39/6.15.7 (Operating System). It has been classified as critical.CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-476. A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.This is going to have an impact on availability.Upgrading to version 6.6.100, 6.12.40 or 6.15.8 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch 27591d926191e42b2332e4bad3bcd3a49def393b/5a5d64f0eec82076b2c09fee2195d640cfbe3379/245917d3c5ed7c6ae720302b64eac5c6f0c85177/3ce58b01ada408b372f15b7c992ed0519840e3cf is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38526)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Add down_write(trace_event_sem) when adding trace event

When a module is loaded, it adds trace events defined by the module. It may also need to modify the modules trace printk formats to replace enum names with their values.

If two modules are loaded at the same time, the adding of the event to the ftrace_events list can corrupt the walking of the list in the code that is modifying the printk format strings and crash the kernel.

The addition of the event should take the trace_event_sem for write while it adds the new event.

Also add a lockdep_assert_held() on that semaphore in __trace_add_event_dirs() as it iterates the list.(CVE-2025-38539)

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

perf/core: Exit early on perf_mmap() fail

When perf_mmap() fails to allocate a buffer, it still invokes the event_mapped() callback of the related event. On X86 this might increase the perf_rdpmc_allowed reference counter. But nothing undoes this as perf_mmap_close() is never called in this case, which causes another reference count leak.

Return early on failure to prevent that.(CVE-2025-38565)

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Linux Kernel up to 6.6.100/6.12.40/6.15.8 (Operating System).Using CWE to declare the problem leads to CWE-404. The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.Impacted is availability.Upgrading to version 6.6.101, 6.12.41 or 6.15.9 eliminates this vulnerability. Applying the patch 9433a5f437b0948d6a2d8a02ad7a42ab7ca27a61/708fd522b86d2a9544c34ec6a86fa3fc23336525/0f67015d72627bad72da3c2084352e0aa134416b/d42e6c20de6192f8e4ab4cf10be8c694ef27e8cb is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at git.kernel.org. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.(CVE-2025-38670)